Quantum Sensors Herald new Generation of Wearable Brain Imaging Systems

Researchers at the University of Nottingham and University College London (UCL) are working on a five year project which has the potential to revolutionise the world of human brain imaging. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a technique for mapping brain activity — it measures the magnetic fields generated by electrical currents that occur naturally in the brain. A £1.6m Collaborative Award in Science from Wellcome is funding the construction of a new type of MEG scanner which, if successful, could quadruple the sensitivity of current state of the art devices.

Dr Matthew Brookes and Professor Richard Bowtell in the School of Physics and Astronomy are leading the research in Nottingham, where they have already designed and built a 3D printed prototype wearable helmet and are in the very early stages of developing the new MEG system.

Dr Brookes said: “Quantum technology has allowed the development of a new type of optical sensor which has the sensitivity to detect the weak magnetic fields from the brain. Unlike current technology, these new sensors can operate at room temperature, so they can be placed directly on the scalp surface. Our calculations show that by getting the sensors closer to the head we can quadruple the sensitivity of the field detection. This will revolutionise the kind of effect that we are able to detect from the human brain.”

While the physics-based development needed to make the scanner work is being carried out in Nottingham, experts at UCL are carrying out detailed computational and theoretical modelling of the brain to frame the neuroscience and establish what neuroscience questions can be addressed.

A huge and challenging task lies ahead

The research project, ‘Moving functional brain imaging into the real world: A wearable, cryogen-free MEG System’ is led by Professor Gareth Barnes in the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging at UCL. He said: “The realisation of this system is a huge, but extremely exciting, challenge, with the potential to revolutionise the brain imaging field. Our simulations and pilot experiments have already shown the unique potential of the new quantum sensors.”

Professor Barnes continued: “Our scanner will be worn on the head like a helmet, meaning subjects can undertake tasks whilst moving freely in an open and natural environment.”

The new scanner has the potential to revolutionise brain imaging for all subjects, but will be particularly useful in children. Professor Richard Bowtell, grant co-applicant and Director of the Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre in Nottingham said: “Because MEG systems are essentially ‘one size fits all’, sensitivity is limited for subjects with smaller heads such as infants since their heads are further from the detectors. Room temperature quantum sensors can be mounted directly on the scalp of any subject. This will give us a projected four-fold increase in sensitivity for adults, but the sensitivity could potentially be up to a 15 or 20 fold increase for children or babies.”

The first stage of their work has already been published.* What the research team really want to do is translate this technology into neuroscience and ultimately a clinical tool for conditions such as drug resistant epilepsy and schizophrenia.

*In NeuroImage