How Are Samples Processed in Labs?

Sample processing is a key stage of analysis. Best-practice sample processing methods not only safeguard the integrity of the sample and minimise the risk of contamination, but also protect laboratory personnel. As soon as a sample enters the laboratory, a number of steps must be followed to prepare the sample for testing. While all laboratories are different and will have their own unique sample processing procedures in place, most feature the key steps outlined below:

Verify labelling

The first step is to ensure the sample has been properly labelled and is easily identifiable. Information should include the date and time of collection, sample type, patient name and demographic if applicable and a list of the tests that need to be performed.

Once labelling has been established sample information should be entered into a laboratory register or log. This can be done either manually or digitally. Samples that arrive at a laboratory without clear labelling are generally rejected.

Check quantity and quality

Before being analysed, researchers must also check there is a sufficient quantity of sample. If the sample is too small, it may be unsuitable for testing and deliver inaccurate results. Similarly, the sample must be of good quality. If the sample does not meet quantity and quality requirements it may be rejected.

To maintain accuracy and precision all gold-standard laboratories have clear sample rejection criteria in place. As well as lack of labelling, reasons for rejection can include leaking containers, haemolysis (the destruction of blood cells) and excessive transport time. Keeping tabs on sample rejection rates is important as it can help identify where and when to roll out sample collection training.  

Unique laboratory ID numbers

Most gold-standard laboratories are given their own unique laboratory identification number which is added to the sample during the processing stage. When samples are added to the official laboratory register, they should include the unique laboratory identification number, as well as the date and time the sample was received.

Workplace health and safety

Samples should be treated as though they’re infectious throughout processing. Even well-labelled samples may have been contaminated or could contain unknown pathogens. For this reason, it’s best to assume all samples are infectious and exercise a high level of caution.

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