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Nipah virus: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention

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Abstract

Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic paramyxovirus that has recently emerged as a crucial public health issue. It can elicit severe encephalitis and respiratory diseases in animals and humans, leading to fatal outcomes, exhibiting a wide range of host species tropism, and directly transmitting from animals to humans or through an intermediate host. Human-to-human transmission associated with recurrent NiV outbreaks is a potential global health threat. Currently, the lack of effective therapeutics or licensed vaccines for NiV necessitates the primary utilization of supportive care. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the various aspects of the NiV, including therapeutics, vaccines, and its biological characteristics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features. The objective is to provide valuable information from scientific and clinical research and facilitate the formulation of strategies for preventing and controlling the NiV.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Discipline Innovation and Development Program of Tangdu Hospital (No. 2021LCYJ025).

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  1. These authors contribute equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China

    Limei Wang

  2. Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, China

    Denghui Lu, Maosen Yang, Shiqi Chai, Hong Du & Hong Jiang

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  1. Limei Wang
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Correspondence to Shiqi Chai, Hong Du or Hong Jiang.

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Conflicts of interest statements Limei Wang, Denghui Lu, Maosen Yang, Shiqi Chai, Hong Du, and Hong Jiang declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

This is a review article and does not involve a research protocol requiring approval by the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee.

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Wang, L., Lu, D., Yang, M. et al. Nipah virus: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. Front. Med. 18, 969–987 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-024-1078-2

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