Mapped: Where is air pollution killing the most people?

Air pollution breaches EU safety limits in several parts of the country - but where is it causing the most deaths?

Over 28,000 people die from air pollution in the UK every year, according to government statistics.

Air quality is a significant issue in the UK, with 38 of Britain’s 43 air quality zones exceeding EU safety limits for nitrogen dioxide, and London being the worst European capital for the pollutant.

While most air pollution deaths predictably occur in London, there are shocking differences between local areas.

In the five local areas surrounding Wembley Stadium, for example, people experience very different levels of air quality - with the north and east of the stadium having significantly better air quality than areas south and west.

London's air kills almost one in 10

The capital city is, unsurprisingly, the UK's pollution hotspot - which is the cause of significant health issues.

Westminster and Kensington and Chelsea are the worst areas in the country, with 8.3 per cent of all deaths attributed to air pollution.

These are among the most expensive area to live in the UK, with average Kensington and Chelsea house prices in excess of £1m.

London's air pollution: How many deaths does it cause?
Authority Name Attributable factor (%) Caused deaths aged 25+
Westminster 8.3 88
Kensington and Chelsea 8.3 68
Tower Hamlets 8.1 85
Southwark 7.9 113
Hackney 7.9 86
Islington 7.9 84
Hammersmith and Fulham 7.9 72
Lambeth 7.7 112
Camden 7.7 87
Newham 7.6 98

Manchester urban utopia

Manchester has better air quality than Birmingham, despite the population of its metropolitan area being twice the size of Birmingham’s.

The city of Manchester has better air quality than Nottingham, Leicester and Luton - all of which are much smaller cities.

The population of Manchester is more spread out than these other English cities - allowing the prevention of dangerous concentrations of air pollution.

UK's 10 largest cities outside of London
Authority Name Air quality (PM2.5) Deaths it caused (%)
Birmingham 11.4 6.4
Manchester 10.4 5.9
Bristol, City of 10.2 5.8
Leeds 9.7 5.5
Sheffield 9.7 5.5
Liverpool 9.6 5.4
Kirklees 9.5 5.4
Bradford 9.3 5.3
City of Edinburgh 8.6 4.9
Glasgow City 8.3 4.7

England has the UK's dirtiest air

With a staggering 25,002 deaths due to air pollution, England is suffering the most from dirty air in the UK. It has the worst air quality of any part of the UK.

Within England, the north and Cornwall have the lowest levels of pollution. The air quality in parts of Cornwall is almost as good as the the Scottish Highlands, which enjoys the UK's cleanest air.

Northern Ireland is the country with the best air quality, closely followed by Scotland

The number of life-years lost to air pollution in England dwarves that of any other part of the UK - with 264,749 years lost in 2010.

Lives and years lost to air pollution in the UK's countries
Authority Name Attributable deaths aged 25+ Associated life-years lost
England 25002 264749
Wales 1320 13549
Scotland 2094 22474
Northern Ireland 553 6063

It’s not all doom and gloom

The UK's air is slowly becoming cleaner. This data - the latest available - is based figures from 2010, but since then the level of air pollution across the UK has declined steadily.

In 2010, the UK produced 613m tonnes of greenhouse gasses, but in 2013 this was reduced to 568m tonnes, an 8.4 per cent decrease.

Find your local area to see how it compares
Local authority Air quality: Mean anthropogenic PM2.5 (µg m−3) Attributable deaths aged 25+ Attributable Factor (%) Associated life-years lost
Westminster 14.9 88 8.3 1403
Kensington and Chelsea 14.9 68 8.3 1164
Tower Hamlets 14.5 85 8.1 1121
Southwark 14.1 113 7.9 1651
Islington 14.1 84 7.9 1084
Hammersmith and Fulham 14.1 72 7.9 1070
Hackney 14 86 7.9 1397
Camden 13.8 87 7.7 1157
Lambeth 13.7 112 7.7 1520
Newham 13.5 98 7.6 1322
Wandsworth 13.1 116 7.3 1331
Waltham Forest 12.9 103 7.3 1205
Brent 12.9 111 7.2 1561
Ealing 12.8 137 7.2 1773
Lewisham 12.7 116 7.2 1331
Greenwich 12.7 119 7.2 1312
Haringey 12.7 81 7.1 1215
Hounslow 12.7 99 7.1 1167
Barking and Dagenham 12.6 93 7.1 1027
Redbridge 12.4 123 7 1376
Merton 12.3 82 6.9 974
Sandwell 12.2 198 6.9 2073
Slough 12.1 51 6.8 714
Barnet 12 162 6.8 1701
Richmond upon Thames 12 77 6.8 897
Kingston upon Thames 11.9 68 6.7 730
Dartford 11.8 54 6.7 518
Enfield 11.8 133 6.6 1509
Bexley 11.8 122 6.6 1255
Leicester 11.7 162 6.6 1736
Hillingdon 11.6 118 6.5 1335
Croydon 11.5 155 6.5 1749
Thurrock 11.5 73 6.5 821
Birmingham 11.4 520 6.4 5707
Nottingham 11.4 150 6.4 1559
Luton 11.4 86 6.4 1004
Sutton 11.4 92 6.4 949
Walsall 11.3 155 6.4 1684
Harrow 11.3 90 6.4 1100
Watford 11.2 41 6.3 387
Bromley 11.1 161 6.3 1621
Havering 11.1 137 6.3 1397
Spelthorne 11.1 50 6.3 538
Coventry 11.1 168 6.2 1882
Southampton 11.1 110 6.2 1280
Basildon 11 90 6.2 940
Gravesham 10.9 52 6.2 563
South Bucks 10.9 36 6.2 342
Medway 10.9 125 6.1 1359
Runnymede 10.9 40 6.1 427
Derby 10.8 131 6.1 1425
Northampton 10.8 102 6.1 1168
Southend-on-Sea 10.8 115 6.1 1022
Broxtowe 10.8 62 6.1 612
Erewash 10.7 61 6.1 647
Hertsmere 10.7 55 6.1 526
Solihull 10.7 107 6 1152
Epping Forest 10.7 71 6 681
Harlow 10.7 39 6 465
Oxford 10.6 55 6 673
Castle Point 10.6 53 6 536
Broxbourne 10.6 39 6 448
Brentwood 10.6 40 6 398
Dudley 10.5 173 5.9 1808
Kingston upon Hull, City of 10.5 140 5.9 1512
UA 10.5 140 5.9 1512
Salford 10.5 138 5.9 1390
Portsmouth 10.5 95 5.9 1059
Reading 10.5 62 5.9 703
Windsor and Maidenhead 10.5 69 5.9 677
Elmbridge 10.5 63 5.9 643
Blaby 10.5 45 5.9 517
Oadby and Wigston 10.5 33 5.9 316
Manchester 10.4 219 5.9 2508
Charnwood 10.4 78 5.9 829
Welwyn Hatfield 10.4 53 5.9 555
Three Rivers 10.4 43 5.9 440
Wellingborough 10.4 36 5.9 400
Epsom and Ewell 10.4 32 5.9 348
Hertfordshire CC 10.3 514 5.8 5258
Tameside 10.3 127 5.8 1312
Gedling 10.3 63 5.8 628
St Albans 10.3 59 5.8 612
Rushmoor 10.3 37 5.8 434
Surrey Heath 10.3 37 5.8 373
Bristol, City of 10.2 196 5.8 2048
Wolverhampton 10.2 139 5.8 1451
Milton Keynes 10.2 89 5.8 1047
Swindon 10.2 86 5.8 973
Chelmsford 10.2 72 5.8 796
Rushcliffe 10.2 56 5.8 528
Kettering 10.2 47 5.8 493
Cambridge 10.2 47 5.8 468
Stevenage 10.2 36 5.8 399
Northamptonshire CC 10.2 323 5.7 3513
Ashfield 10.2 68 5.7 662
Essex CC 10.1 724 5.7 7386
Surrey CC 10.1 527 5.7 5337
Nottinghamshire CC 10.1 430 5.7 4270
Leicestershire CC 10.1 313 5.7 3322
Stockport 10.1 151 5.7 1636
Rotherham 10.1 145 5.7 1406
Oldham 10.1 118 5.7 1263
Peterborough 10.1 79 5.7 829
Wycombe 10.1 66 5.7 768
Nuneaton and Bedworth 10.1 64 5.7 676
Wokingham 10.1 58 5.7 648
Guildford 10.1 55 5.7 577
Sevenoaks 10.1 57 5.7 572
Rochford 10.1 44 5.7 431
North Warwickshire 10.1 34 5.7 343
Wakefield 10 178 5.7 1878
Swale 10 68 5.7 700
Warwick 10 64 5.7 694
Eastleigh 10 55 5.7 587
Tonbridge and Malling 10 53 5.7 569
Maidstone 10 75 5.6 769
Ipswich 10 63 5.6 653
East Hertfordshire 10 58 5.6 602
Bolsover 10 46 5.6 440
Redditch 10 35 5.6 401
Buckinghamshire CC 9.9 214 5.6 2295
Stoke-on-Trent 9.9 138 5.6 1420
Trafford 9.9 105 5.6 1138
North East Lincolnshire 9.9 91 5.6 936
Basingstoke and Deane 9.9 64 5.6 718
Dacorum 9.9 63 5.6 675
Cherwell 9.9 61 5.6 638
Fareham 9.9 59 5.6 602
Reigate and Banstead 9.9 69 5.6 596
Mansfield 9.9 57 5.6 594
Hinckley and Bosworth 9.9 51 5.6 529
North West Leicestershire 9.9 47 5.6 487
Bromsgrove 9.9 55 5.6 477
Tamworth 9.9 30 5.6 355
Corby 9.9 29 5.6 330
Kent CC 9.8 745 5.6 7436
Oxfordshire CC 9.8 276 5.6 2944
Doncaster 9.8 160 5.6 1706
North Hertfordshire 9.8 69 5.6 613
Vale of White Horse 9.8 52 5.6 557
Lincoln 9.8 46 5.6 495
Bracknell Forest 9.8 38 5.6 493
Warwickshire CC 9.8 269 5.5 2782
Bedford 9.8 73 5.5 802
Woking 9.8 40 5.5 419
Leeds 9.7 350 5.5 3825
Sheffield 9.7 269 5.5 2664
Central Bedfordshire 9.7 106 5.5 1158
St. Helens 9.7 98 5.5 1027
North Lincolnshire 9.7 88 5.5 948
Bury 9.7 96 5.5 947
Knowsley 9.7 77 5.5 862
Colchester 9.7 75 5.5 811
Huntingdonshire 9.7 67 5.5 743
Norwich 9.7 61 5.5 720
West Berkshire 9.7 59 5.5 669
Halton 9.7 62 5.5 659
Crawley 9.7 41 5.5 497
Rugby 9.7 47 5.5 481
Chiltern 9.7 42 5.5 462
East Northamptonshire 9.7 42 5.5 390
Daventry 9.7 33 5.5 349
Bolton 9.6 135 5.5 1511
Rochdale 9.6 104 5.5 1137
Amber Valley 9.6 67 5.5 656
Braintree 9.6 71 5.5 651
Cheltenham 9.6 55 5.5 579
Liverpool 9.6 239 5.4 2440
South Gloucestershire 9.6 107 5.4 1136
Warrington 9.6 95 5.4 1012
Aylesbury Vale 9.6 70 5.4 723
South Kesteven 9.6 66 5.4 683
Newark and Sherwood 9.6 63 5.4 626
South Oxfordshire 9.6 59 5.4 608
Mole Valley 9.6 44 5.4 446
South Derbyshire 9.6 42 5.4 439
Harborough 9.6 37 5.4 403
Derbyshire CC 9.5 402 5.4 4041
Kirklees 9.5 196 5.4 2051
Cardiff 9.5 143 5.4 1543
Brighton and Hove 9.5 115 5.4 1333
Barnsley 9.5 124 5.4 1249
South Cambridgeshire 9.5 57 5.4 611
Chesterfield 9.5 59 5.4 572
North East Derbyshire 9.5 55 5.4 529
Lichfield 9.5 53 5.4 503
St Edmundsbury 9.5 50 5.4 491
Worcester 9.5 43 5.4 485
Tandridge 9.5 41 5.4 416
South Northamptonshire 9.5 34 5.4 384
Uttlesford 9.5 32 5.4 322
Maldon 9.5 31 5.4 316
Newport 9.4 72 5.4 774
North Kesteven 9.4 55 5.4 546
Ashford 9.4 50 5.4 539
Hampshire CC 9.4 601 5.3 6211
Thanet 9.4 90 5.3 830
Canterbury 9.4 81 5.3 748
Bassetlaw 9.4 61 5.3 620
Fenland 9.4 54 5.3 562
East Staffordshire 9.4 53 5.3 556
Cannock Chase 9.4 45 5.3 476
Gosport 9.4 40 5.3 434
Babergh 9.4 48 5.3 429
Suffolk CC 9.3 366 5.3 3577
Bradford 9.3 222 5.3 2318
Tendring 9.3 107 5.3 1039
Gloucester 9.3 52 5.3 575
Test Valley 9.3 51 5.3 508
Boston 9.3 36 5.3 356
Hart 9.3 30 5.3 348
Melton 9.3 23 5.3 241
Staffordshire CC 9.2 410 5.2 4197
Lincolnshire CC 9.2 387 5.2 3966
Worcestershire CC 9.2 283 5.2 2871
Wigan 9.2 153 5.2 1610
Belfast 9.2 141 5.2 1494
Havant 9.2 64 5.2 680
Newcastle-under-Lyme 9.2 63 5.2 662
Shepway 9.2 58 5.2 565
South Staffordshire 9.2 57 5.2 562
West Oxfordshire 9.2 49 5.2 468
Forest Heath 9.2 25 5.2 258
Poole 9.1 81 5.2 754
Suffolk Coastal 9.1 71 5.2 651
Dover 9.1 61 5.2 602
Stratford-on-Avon 9.1 60 5.2 588
South Holland 9.1 51 5.2 487
Mid Suffolk 9.1 45 5.2 448
West Lindsey 9.1 45 5.1 501
East Cambridgeshire 9.1 33 5.1 378
Rutland 9.1 17 5.1 183
Bournemouth 9 100 5.1 911
Wychavon 9 56 5.1 594
Winchester 9 51 5.1 520
Hastings 9 49 5.1 491
Hyndburn 9 43 5.1 447
Tewkesbury 9 39 5.1 424
Selby 9 34 5.1 349
Adur 9 36 5.1 335
Blackburn with Darwen 8.9 63 5.1 667
East Hampshire 8.9 53 5.1 482
Calderdale 8.9 93 5 1018
Stafford 8.9 61 5 608
Worthing 8.9 69 5 577
Waverley 8.9 56 5 554
Tunbridge Wells 8.9 46 5 462
Norfolk CC 8.8 450 5 4479
West Sussex CC 8.8 429 5 3975
South Tyneside 8.8 84 5 864
King's Lynn and West Norfolk 8.8 79 5 797
Middlesbrough 8.8 68 5 695
Breckland 8.8 70 5 633
Broadland 8.8 68 5 591
Mid Sussex 8.8 63 5 549
Wyre Forest 8.8 50 5 536
Sunderland 8.7 143 5 1477
Preston 8.7 61 5 639
South Norfolk 8.7 58 5 591
Chorley 8.7 47 5 498
Wiltshire 8.7 203 4.9 2056
Cheshire East 8.7 175 4.9 1764
East Riding of Yorkshire 8.7 172 4.9 1702
Bath and North East Somerset 8.7 80 4.9 765
Somerset UA 8.7 80 4.9 765
Chichester 8.7 65 4.9 584
Horsham 8.7 57 4.9 553
Burnley 8.7 44 4.9 481
City of Edinburgh 8.6 205 4.9 2269
Newcastle upon Tyne 8.6 124 4.9 1320
Gateshead 8.6 99 4.9 962
East Lindsey 8.6 88 4.9 898
Great Yarmouth 8.6 53 4.9 558
South Ribble 8.6 46 4.9 490
Cotswold 8.6 42 4.9 405
New Forest 8.5 97 4.9 899
York 8.5 82 4.8 833
Telford and Wrekin 8.5 63 4.8 712
Waveney 8.5 66 4.8 648
Eastbourne 8.5 61 4.8 565
Stroud 8.5 53 4.8 497
Torfaen 8.5 46 4.8 473
East Sussex CC 8.4 294 4.8 2786
North Tyneside 8.4 101 4.8 998
Arun 8.4 98 4.8 880
Staffordshire Moorlands 8.4 48 4.8 475
High Peak 8.4 39 4.8 451
Malvern Hills 8.4 44 4.8 378
Glasgow City 8.3 306 4.7 3333
Caerphilly 8.3 80 4.7 822
North Norfolk 8.3 62 4.7 591
Rother 8.3 62 4.7 537
West Lancashire 8.3 52 4.7 506
Hartlepool 8.3 43 4.7 451
Rossendale 8.3 31 4.7 322
Christchurch 8.3 30 4.7 275
Wirral 8.2 166 4.7 1652
Cheshire West and Chester 8.2 146 4.7 1473
UA 8.2 146 4.7 1473
Wealden 8.2 74 4.7 689
Pendle 8.2 38 4.7 440
Derbyshire Dales 8.2 33 4.7 306
Stockton-on-Tees 8.2 77 4.6 872
Lewes 8.2 48 4.6 503
East Dorset 8.2 46 4.6 451
Sefton 8.1 145 4.6 1464
North Somerset 8.1 98 4.6 998
Isle of Wight 8.1 78 4.6 764
Flintshire 8 62 4.5 670
Darlington 8 47 4.5 481
Forest of Dean 8 37 4.5 368
Plymouth 7.9 105 4.5 1094
Vale of Glamorgan 7.9 53 4.5 557
Sedgemoor 7.9 54 4.5 521
Monmouthshire 7.9 39 4.5 404
Blaenau Gwent 7.9 36 4.5 356
Castlereagh 7.9 28 4.5 295
Herefordshire, County of 7.8 85 4.5 870
Redcar and Cleveland 7.8 61 4.5 664
Taunton Deane 7.8 54 4.5 488
Rhondda Cynon Taf 7.8 110 4.4 1130
South Somerset 7.8 73 4.4 706
Harrogate 7.8 68 4.4 678
Mendip 7.8 45 4.4 466
North Dorset 7.8 28 4.4 274
Purbeck 7.7 20 4.4 214
North Down 7.6 34 4.4 331
North Yorkshire CC 7.6 257 4.3 2590
Wrexham 7.6 56 4.3 595
County Durham 7.5 223 4.3 2268
North Lanarkshire 7.5 142 4.3 1573
Blackpool 7.5 79 4.3 808
Falkirk 7.5 65 4.3 667
Bridgend 7.5 59 4.3 604
Hambleton 7.5 34 4.3 368
Midlothian 7.5 34 4.3 352
Merthyr Tydfil 7.5 25 4.3 269
Ribble Valley 7.5 24 4.3 233
Lisburn 7.5 35 4.2 378
Shropshire 7.4 130 4.2 1289
Swansea 7.4 102 4.2 1048
Aberdeen City 7.4 86 4.2 936
West Lothian 7.4 59 4.2 682
Neath Port Talbot 7.4 66 4.2 662
Scarborough 7.4 56 4.2 559
West Dorset 7.4 52 4.2 461
Exeter 7.4 42 4.2 438
Weymouth and Portland 7.4 31 4.2 327
Lancaster 7.3 61 4.2 615
Fylde 7.3 40 4.2 370
Ryedale 7.3 23 4.2 232
South Lanarkshire 7.3 134 4.1 1450
Dundee City 7.3 69 4.1 774
Craigavon 7.1 27 4.1 327
Renfrewshire 7 77 4 803
Torbay 7 69 4 662
Wyre 7 54 4 542
East Lothian 7 40 4 400
Mid Devon 7 29 4 292
Newtownabbey 7 28 4 292
Northumberland 6.9 128 3.9 1284
Carmarthenshire 6.9 82 3.9 789
Craven 6.9 24 3.9 225
Devon CC 6.8 314 3.9 2994
Fife 6.8 146 3.9 1569
East Devon 6.8 69 3.9 586
Teignbridge 6.8 58 3.9 562
East Dunbartonshire 6.8 37 3.9 424
East Renfrewshire 6.8 33 3.9 339
Barrow-in-Furness 6.8 28 3.9 320
Ards 6.8 25 3.9 278
Richmondshire 6.8 17 3.9 180
Cornwall 6.7 221 3.8 2181
UAs ** 6.7 221 3.8 2181
Carlisle 6.7 43 3.8 446
Pembrokeshire 6.6 51 3.8 500
North Devon 6.6 38 3.8 366
South Hams 6.6 34 3.8 312
Carrickfergus 6.6 12 3.8 136
West Dunbartonshire 6.5 39 3.7 413
Clackmannanshire 6.5 18 3.7 195
West Somerset 6.5 17 3.7 174
Denbighshire 6.4 42 3.7 422
South Lakeland 6.4 44 3.7 419
Cumbria CC 6.4 195 3.6 1993
Torridge 6.4 25 3.6 243
Larne 6.4 10 3.6 115
Banbridge 6.3 12 3.6 138
Powys 6.2 51 3.6 509
Derry 6.2 26 3.5 339
Stirling 6.2 29 3.5 304
Ballymena 6.2 18 3.5 202
Eden 6.2 19 3.5 185
Perth and Kinross 6.1 52 3.5 533
East Ayrshire 6.1 45 3.5 497
Scottish Borders 6.1 44 3.5 427
West Devon 6.1 20 3.5 194
Antrim 6 12 3.5 138
Conwy 6 51 3.4 489
Angus 6 42 3.4 436
Allerdale 6 37 3.4 359
Copeland 6 24 3.4 263
South Ayrshire 5.9 47 3.4 466
Dumfries and Galloway 5.8 60 3.3 597
Ceredigion 5.8 25 3.3 273
Armagh 5.8 15 3.3 164
Inverclyde 5.7 32 3.3 339
Newry and Mourne 5.7 22 3.3 249
Down 5.7 17 3.3 189
North Ayrshire 5.7 50 3.2 540
Aberdeenshire 5.6 70 3.2 749
Isle of Anglesey 5.5 26 3.2 251
Gwynedd 5.5 42 3.1 408
Dungannon 5.4 13 3.1 127
Cookstown 5.4 8 3.1 90
Ballymoney 5.4 7 3.1 77
Coleraine 5.3 15 3.1 170
Magherafelt 5.3 8 3 89
Omagh 5.2 10 3 122
Moyle 5 4 2.9 45
Limavady 4.9 6 2.8 74
Shetland Islands 4.8 6 2.8 63
Argyll and Bute 4.7 29 2.7 302
Moray 4.7 25 2.7 261
Orkney Islands 4.7 6 2.7 56
Strabane 4.5 7 2.6 82
Highland 4.3 57 2.5 641
Fermanagh 4.3 12 2.5 126
Eilean Siar 4.2 8 2.4 85